Well no, the opposite doesn't hold the same weight, because new viewers to the series, or viewers who have always seen the word translated will be confused at the appearance of a random Japaneses word halfway through a sentence, also I argue that those who want nakama can hear it, those who want friend can read it, thus serving everyone's needs. I have to wonder why you're bothering to watch the series at all?
But then you are dodging my other point. I mean the first few appearances of 'Nakama' should have a translators note to inform the "new viewer" so that they are not in the dark; God forbid they are educated a little bit. On the other hand, you translate it (leaving them ignorant), and like you said they miss out on the "almost always done dramatically" phrase for companionship of sorts. Instead, they get 'friend', 'comrade', 'crewmate', 'one of us', or any other mixture of such words without the "dramatic" representation. My other point:
One of the reasons I prefer "Nakama" in One Piece is the consistency in which Oda uses the word. Since Oda has stressed the importance of that word and its meaning to the people within the series, it would be a shame to take away from that significance by replacing it with a number of words ranging from friend to crew mate simply because we have no single word that directly translates and fits in all instances. This mixture of words as well as the context in which any one of the collection would be used in place of Nakama probably wouldn't hurt the story, but it would definitely take an aspect of the story away from the English readers.
I know this won't hold much influence, but I would like to bring up again that there are a great many words that are foreign in origin but are used as (arguably) common English words now. At one point in time all of said words were completely foreign and were adopted into English for one reason or another. While I couldn't find a practical list, here is the cringe wiki page for a list of words from Japanese origin, as well as all the other languages that have influenced the English language. I guess I just see no harm in leaving it untranslated, and I see a small (not-quite) harm done by translating it with multiple case-specific words.